Trichomoniasis: An Introduction
Trichomoniasis (trick-oh-moe-nye-uh-sis) is one of the most common sexually transmitted infections (STIs). According to the Centers for Disease Control (CDC), an estimated 7.4 million new cases of trichomoniasis occur in men and women every year in the United States.
Trichomoniasis is caused by a parasite called Trichomonas vaginalis. Trichomoniasis is primarily an infection of the urogenital tract. The vagina is the most common place for the infection in women, and the urethra is the most common place in men.
Symptoms of Trichomoniasis
Trichomoniasis, like many other sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), often occurs without any symptoms. Most infected men do not have symptoms. When women have symptoms, they usually appear within 5 to 28 days after exposure to the parasite.
Although some infected women have minor or no symptoms, many do have symptoms. The symptoms in women include:
- Heavy, yellow-green or gray vaginal discharge
- Discomfort during sex
- Vaginal odor
- Painful urination.
They may also have irritation and itching of the genital area and, on rare occasions, lower abdominal pain.
If present, the symptoms in men include a thin, whitish discharge from the penis and painful or difficult urination and ejaculation.
Diagnosing Trichomoniasis
A healthcare provider can diagnose trichomoniasis by performing laboratory tests on fluid samples from the vagina or penis. When women are infected with the parasite, a pelvic examination reveals red sores on the cervix or inside the vagina.
Treatment Options for Trichomoniasis
Because men can transmit trichomoniasis to their sex partners even when they don't have any symptoms, health experts recommend that both partners be treated to get rid of the parasite. Healthcare providers usually use metronidazole in a single dose to treat people infected with the parasite. However, even with successful treatment, a person can get trichomoniasis again.
Preventing Trichomoniasis
The surest way to avoid any STI, including trichomoniasis, is to abstain from sexual contact or to be in a long-term mutually monogamous relationship with a partner who has been tested and is known to be disease-free. Using a latex male condom consistently and correctly during sex may help prevent the spread of trichomoniasis.
Complications Associated WithTrichomoniasis
Research has shown a link between trichomoniasis and two serious complications. Scientific studies suggest that trichomoniasis is associated with at least a three- to fivefold increased risk of
HIV transmission, and may cause a woman to deliver a low birth weight or premature infant. Scientists need to do additional research to fully explore these relationships.
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